Owned land is preferred to be handed over for the agreed tenure of agreement on lease basis or other favourable options.

Power purchase agreement are normally depending on the all above parameters, which can be a defined basis of committed unit purchase requirements vis-à-vis generation.

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Turnkey Mode

 

In Turnkey mode the solution offers Building of the entire plant and make the same operational with power generation and handover to the client with a predefined commitment of operational and warranty support, post handover.

 

Technical Writeup

Solar Power Station is virtually a power station owned by you. You shall be contributing energy to the national grid. It is to be noted that the connected load in your establishment has to be larger than the power the installer delivers. If a grid connected Solar Power Station is installed, the customer gets the differential benefit of the energy they consume and the energy they deliver. This is achieved by virtue of a Vector metered Net-Metering System. Vector-Meter keeps the track of the power generated by the installer and the power consumed at a particular time interval as we know that Energy = Power X Time. For instance, if a 1MW Solar Photo Voltaic module is installed with suitable inverter then each hour the installer can deliver 1MW X 1 hr X EF = 1 X EF units of electricity to the grid, where EF is the Efficacy factor of the system and irradiation of that particular area in any given date.

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Irradiance is of three types, as described below…
Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is the amount of solar radiation received per unit area by a surface that is always held perpendicular (or normal) to the rays that come in a straight line from the direction of the sun at its current position in the sky. Typically, you can maximize the amount of irradiance annually received by a surface by keeping it normal to incoming radiation. This quantity is of particular interest to concentrating solar thermal installations and installations that track the position of the sun.
Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) is the amount of radiation received per unit area by a surface (not subject to any shade or shadow) that does not arrive on a direct path from the sun, but has been scattered by molecules and particles in the atmosphere and comes equally from all directions
Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is the total amount of shortwave radiation received from above by a surface horizontal to the ground. This value is of particular interest to photovoltaic installations and includes both Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI).
Global Horizontal (GHI) = Direct Normal (DNI) X cos(θ) + Diffuse Horizontal (DHI)
Solar power Generation parameters
 
The Solar Power Generation shall depend on the following factors:
1. Irradiation of the proposed area.
2. Tilt angle of the proposed structure.
3. Regular cleaning of the SPV module.
4. Distance between SPV and Inverter.
5. Power availability of the grid. 
6. Efficiency of the system. 
On Grid Solar Power System:

System Description:

The solar PV system generates DC electricity when sun light falls on the Solar PV Modules. A PV module is made up of small Solar Cell connected in series to get desires voltage and wattage. A number of such PV Modules are connected in series and parallel called solar array to make it KW, MW and multiple of MWs.

There solar PV modules/arrays are connected to MPPT controller which draws maximum power from the solar Modules under different irradiation and temperature and put it in to the input of the Inverter. The Inverter coverts the DC input to AC and exported to grid with matching voltage, frequency and phase. The output of the inverter is connected to mains through interfacing panel, metering panel as the case may be.

PV MODULES

PV modules do not match exactly the manufacturer’s nominal specifications. Modules are sold with a nominal peak power and a given tolerance within which the actual power is guaranteed to lie. In practice PV modules usually lie below the nominal power but within the tolerance.
The specifications of the chosen modules for this project have a performance tolerance of +10% / -5% respectively. The energy yield calculations have been carried out using 1.5% and 2.5% tolerances which is used in PVSYST simulations to generate the “module quality” yield loss factor. The module quality loss quantifies the impact on energy yield due to difference in the actual module characteristics from the specification.

We will be using one of the world’s most efficient commercially available solar cells and are manufactured using proven industry standard materials and lamination techniques and consist of: 
•    Consists of carefully matched crystalline silicon cell laminated between sheet of -Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and high transmissivity tempered glass. 
•    All solar cells are redundantly interconnected in series to increase integrity. 
•    Back layer of Polyester Encapsulant – EVA -ensures environmental protection & optimizes thermal & electrical performance. 
•    Output of Solar PV Module is via heavy-duty output cables with polarized weatherproof DC rated connectors, which provide low resistance connections. This eliminates wiring errors and speeds installation. 

Structure for PV Module

The array structure is so designed that it will occupy minimum space without sacrificing the output from SPV panels. The structure shall be designed to allow easy replacement of any module. The structure shall be made of HDG Mild Steel (suitable galvanized thickness) of suitable size. The detail design drawing will be submitted after approval of this document and final site measurement. The foundation for the mounting structure shall be made based on site condition in such a way so that it can with stand wind speed up to required kmph of the zone. The module structure will be designed such a way that natural air cooling will be happening to get the maximum efficiency from the module.

Inverter

Inverter satisfies different conditions, such as availability of Satisfactory Service and maintenance network nearby, Large input voltage DC window to provide flexibility in layout of PV system, DC as well AC side protection, High energy conversion efficiency, Minimal Total Harmonic Distortion, Facility of data logging system, Inbuilt maximum power point tracker for higher energy yield etc.

Photovoltaic systems of up to several hundred kilowatts can be designed extremely flexibly in small, highly efficient units with the transformer less three-phase inverters.

They operate using two separate MPPT trackers that can handle both symmetrical and asymmetrical loads to allow for optimum adjustment. Each tracker is able to process virtually all of the AC output. 

Array Junction Boxes or Panels

Array Junction boxes / Panels are used for bundling module strings and safely routed to Inverters. The array junction box shall be dust, vermin & waterproof and made of FRP/ABS plastic. The junction boxes shall have suitable cable entry points fitted with cable glands of appropriate sizes for both incoming & outgoing cables. All junction boxes will be outdoor type and will be of IP65 grade. Junction boxes will be provided with class-II Surge Protective Device, terminals wiring of required sizes and number.

Copper Cables (AC & DC)

Cables in solar PV installation are extremely important item. If we do not select proper cable, the system efficiency decreases resulting lower output power. Cables are chosen based on different parameters such as Temperature range, Voltage rating. Conductors are electrolytic grade bright annealed copper which provides maximum conductivity. Conductors are insulated with specially formulated PVC compound having high insulation resistance, Di-electric, strength, high critical oxygen index and high temperature index. The separate insulated cores are to be assembled to form multi core cable. Cables are provided with exclusively formulated PVC compound for sheathing. Flame retardant. Flexible / armored type as required at site condition.

Three step Protection

a.    Grounding/ Earthing: Three step protection starts with Stable, Low resistance/low impedance grounding system to bond all electrically conductive surface together. The mechanical frame structure of the PV yard, Inverters, and other control equipment will be grounded properly using existing Earth Pits available at site

b.    The Second step of protection comes from a properly installed surge protective device or SPD (Surge Protective Device) which reduces the magnitude of random high energy, short duration electrical power anomalies. These occurrences are typically caused by atmospheric phenomena (such as lightning strike) utility switching, inductive load switching and internally generated over voltages.
SPDs are provided in Junction boxes & grid Interfacing panels to safeguard all the devices in the solar system.

c.    Finally, a well-designed lightning protection system will be installed to safeguard total facilities from direct lightning strikes. In this case we are not providing any external lighting since sufficient protection available in the site.

Grid Interfacing Panel

This connects the output of the Inverter to the local grid. This panel is fitted with MCB/ MCCBS, bus bars/ connectors etc. During installation as well maintenance this facilitates isolations of parts. This also provides protection against overloading and short circuit in the system.

Remote Monitoring Unit

It is easy to achieve perfect communication with these units. Inverters are fitted with an integrated data logger with web server, a graphical display for showing operating data. Existing LAN network can be connected to the inverters using LAN port. The yield data can be called from the web server. The integrated data logger can also be connected directly to the Inverter web internet portal for professional evaluation and visualization of the inverter data. 

The system will be able to monitor real time data of the following different parameters, such as, Solar generation in Watt, Inverter operational status, AC current, Voltage feed to grid, AC energy exported/feed to grid, Module temperature, Ambient temperature, Solar plant voltage, current, Instantaneous power from Solar plant, Total generated energy from Solar etc.